Northern steppes are (Livestock herding)this traditional occupation still in in East Asia. Yes The Philippines is a new challenge to Japanese farmers due to cheaper produce because labor cost is lower in the Philippines ----------------------------------- NOUMINREN, part of a coalition of farmers, consumers, agricultural workers, and workers unions in Japan, also performed a traditional Japanese dance which was modified to show the Japanese farmers' resistance to WTO ( World Trade Organization ). http://www.foodsov.org/html/mediarelease000002.htm .------------ Northern Steppe & Saiga Migration, Russia / Kazakhstan / China .......Saigas form very large herds that graze in semi-desert steppes eating several species of plants, including some that are poisonous to other animals. http://www.theworldwonders.com/asia/northern-steppe.html ------------- During this time, Mongol speaking tribes led by "Khans" from eastern Mongolia and Manchuria started their expansion in the northern steppes previously.. Nomadic tribes who move herds from pasturage to pasturage over vast steppes are the natural enemies of fixed communities who lead sedentary lives based on agriculture. Nomads own only what they can carry while agriculturalists accumulate surpluses which become tempting booty for nomad raiders. This basic truism has been the most important factor in the history of China, of Russia and of the Central Asian Countries until cannons and muskets destroyed the natural advantage mounted archers have over foot soldiers.
The history of the steppe tribes is very complex. They were always moving, sometimes over long distances and their allegiances were short lived because they were not tied down to any particular piece of land.
http://www.berclo.net/page97/97en-steppe-empires.html ------------------------------------------ IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES IN THE CHANG JIANG BASIN
The Chang Jiang is the largest river in China. Its drainage basin contains a population of 342 million (1978) and covers 25 x 106 ha of cultivated land, embracing over 40 large and medium-sized cities and industrial or mining bases. Its grain output is about 40 per cent of the national total and it produces about 35 per cent of the country's cotton. The total value of its industrial output amounts to approximately 40 per cent of the national total. The middle and lower reaches, directly affected by the proposed water transfer, are the chief grain and cotton producing areas within the basin and the most developed industrially and commercially.

The Chang Jiang basin holds such an important position in the nation's economy that some people worry about diverting water from there to other river basins. They note that although the maximum annual runoff recorded at Datong Station in the lower reaches of the Chang Jiang was 1,360 km³ in 1954, the minimum was only 675 km³ in 1978. The runoff during the flood season, April to October, accounts for about 80 per cent of the whole year while that of the dry season, November to March, is only 20 per cent. http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80157e/80157E0d.htm -----------
Yunnan Mountains : The terrain is largely mountainous, especially in the north and west. A series of high mountain chains spreads across the province. There is a distinct canyon region to the west and a plateau region to the east. Yunnan's major rivers flow through the deep valleys between the mountains. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnan#Geography Yunnan's four pillar industries include tobacco, agriculture/biology, mining, and tourism. The main manufacturing industries are iron and steel production and copper-smelting, commercial vehicles, chemicals, fertilizers, textiles, and optical instruments. Yunnan has trade contacts with more than seventy countries and regions in the world. Yunnan established the Muse border trade zone (located in Ruili) along its border with Myanmar. Yunnan mainly exports tobacco, machinery and electrical equipment, chemical and agricultural products, and non-ferrous metals.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnan#Economy ---------------- Image results for Yunnan Mountains http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=Yunnan+Mountains&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=MNS8S-agOoO8lQfi7JWECQ&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQsAQwAA

Yunnan Traditional

Yunnan Traditional Dance

Chinese Most Traditional Art-- Chinese Stone Carving

The history of Chinese Stone Carving can be traced to 1,200,000 years ago (Neolithic Age). It is the most traditional art forms in the human history, and also one brilliant page in Chinese cultural and civilization history. Chinese Stone carving has been prosperous from generation to generation. It was considered as a group of carving and sculpture. It means using different kinds of hard materials that can be carved to create various artistic images or shape. The stone carving can reflect the social life and express the the Artists' aesthetic sense or an ideal art.

Materials and Process Procedures

The materials of the sculpture should be solid and can resist corrosion or weathering. Many of it are stone, wood, jade, plaster, resin, clay… The Chinese stone carving consists of various kinds. The followings are the general processing procedures: choosing the materials first, then model making, blanks forming, product shaping, polishing, cleaning, product assembling, inspection and packing. With the development of the society, the stone carving can be processed by machines. However, the traditional processing tool is by hand.

Styles

Engraved with different delicate pictures or images, Chinese Stone Carving was classified to many types, such as blue stone carving, marble stone carving, jade carving, steatite carving, smoky quartz sculpture, Colored stone carving, Pebbles carving... The blue stone carving in Huian, Fujian is famous for its building decoration and stone lions. The stone lions have a good reputation in Southeast Asia. The marble stone carving in Yunnan is very wonderful. The different patterns on it are vivid and lifelike. The jade carving in Quyang,Hebei was used to palace decoration in Ming and Qing Dynasties. And now it is used to decorate the public or the memorial buildings, such as the Great Hall of the People, the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. In Liaoning and Shandong province, Steatite carving features the lovely animal stone carving. The skills of the stone carving are intaglio, sculptural relief...

Masterpieces of Chinese Stone Carvings

Chinese Stone carving are widely used in people's life. Many people are fond of jade. The jade is a typical craft of stone carving. The traditional jade has a collections value and a fabulous economic value. It is very popular in China. One of the most important and artistic things of it is the pictures, images or letters on the stone carving. The shape of the stone carving are various, stone carving buildings, bridge, grottos, tombs, palace, temples, Buddha, statues, towers, tables… The famous masterpieces of Chinese Stone Carving are Dunhuang Mogao Grottos in Gansu, Yungang Buddhist Caves in Shanxi,Longmen Grotto in Henan, The Terracotta Warriors in Shaanxi, Summer Palace and the Forbidden City in Beijing, Leshan Giant Buddha in Sichuan… all of which are the famous tourist attractions in China. China Stone Carving Art Festival is celebrated every year. It indicates the rapid development of Chinese Stone carving, even the culture and art.

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